Korean Merchants protest cigarette prices

Korean merchants from across the province claim they’re being forced out business by Imperial Tobacco.

More than 800 members of the Ontario Korean Business Association, which represents 2,000 stores, travelled to Toronto on Tuesday to rally outside media companies to get their message out.

They charged that Imperial Tobacco is selling busy stores tobacco products at cheaper prices than retail outlets which are less active.

Association president Ken Lee said the company began last month charging mom and pop stores more expensive prices for cigarettes, as compared to stores that sold a huge volume of smokes.

Lee estimated about 30% of Ontario stores purchased cartons $5 to $10 less than other stores.

“This pricing is very unfair to us and it will drive many small stores out of business,” he said on Tuesday. “Many stores that don’t get a good price have to sell cigarettes at cost or under cost to stay alive.”

About 60 of the businessmen, who travelled from Niagara Falls, Barrie and other areas, were holding signs in a rally outside the Toronto Sun’s King St. E. offices on Tuesday.

Store owner Jay Jin said he has a tough time keeping his store open and called for a universal price for cigarettes.

“Under this system it is very difficult for us to make a living,” Jin said.

Imperial spokesman Eric Gagnon said some merchants belong to a preferred pricing program and get better rates based on the volume sold and other criteria they have to meet.

“We haven’t seen any store closures in a pilot project,” Gagnon said on Tuesday.

Smoking Women Color

The Wild Wild West of e-cigarette manufacturing

Researchers at the University of California, Riverside may as well tell smokers looking to switch to e-cigarettes to keep smoking regular cigarettes based on their study claiming that current versions of the cigarette alternative present a range of issues that pose possible public health risks. Published in today’s online issue of Tobacco Control, the UC Riverside study looked at five brands of e-cigarette — an “electronic nicotine delivery system” — for design features, accuracy and clarity of labelling and the quality of instruction manuals and associated print material supplied by the manufacturers. The study authors said that they uncovered design flaws in some brands of the e-cigarettes, noticed inadequate labelling in the packages and identified quality control issues, including leaky cartridges. This led them to suggest that regulators remove e-cigarettes from the market.

“Some people believe that e-cigarettes are a safe substitute for conventional cigarettes,” said study co-author Dr. Prue Talbot, director of UC Riverside’s Stem Cell Center. “However, there are virtually no scientific studies on e-cigarettes and their safety. Our study — one of the first studies to evaluate e-cigarettes — shows that this product has many flaws, which could cause serious public health problems in the future if the flaws go uncorrected.”

The authors’ failure to mention anything about the use of e-cigarettes as a harm reduction method while discussing the device’s public health impact frustrates ACSH's Dr. Elizabeth Whelan. “What’s missing is whether e-cigararette vapors are safe or not. They only insist that we don’t know and shouldn’t take our chances. The message they send with such articles is: Keep on smoking.”

ACSH's Dr. Gilbert Ross points out that the researchers’ objective was to investigate current manufacturing practices for the product, but that they failed to mention that e-cigarette manufacturing is in its infant stage of development. “If this were about a plant that manufactured Lipitor or asthma inhalers, you’d say ‘How could they get away with that?’ But we’re in the Wild Wild West of e-cigarette manufacturing with very little regulatory oversight as yet. Yes, we need to ensure that e-cigarette makers use good manufacturing practices. Yet, if given the choice, I’d still rather smoke an e-cigarette manufactured now than a traditional cigarette produced under tightly regulated manufacturing practices.”

The European Travel Retail Council raises alarm over duty-free tobacco threat

The European Travel Retail Council (ETRC) has expressed its concern that a claim in the World Health Organization's (WHO) Tobacco Free Initiative technical report on price and taxation policies of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) could threaten the future of duty-free tobacco sales. The report suggests that duty-free tobacco sales undermine national taxation policies, which could be indirectly used to attack the duty-free industry. It also claims that duty-free is a major source of illicit trade, tax avoidance and tax evasion.

ETRC secretary general Keith Spinks said: "These are claims made without any basis. Duty-free sales account for less than 1% of the global tobacco market. It is disingenuous in the extreme to suggest that with such limited presence, duty-free undermines national taxation policies. We anticipate the working group with begin its work in 2011 and the industry across the world will be responding accordingly."

The WHO working group, which was established to examine the use of price and taxation policies as a means to reduce the demand for tobacco following the fourth Conference of the Parties in Uruguay last week, will look to integrate finance ministries into tobacco control, an area typically reserved for health ministries. Its focus will be on areas raised by the WHO's Tobacco Free Initiative in its technical report.

The group will comprise representatives from five states from each of the WHO's six regions and function without a budget in 2011. It also faces substantial opposition from various EU countries which believe taxation should remain a matter for national governments.

In a further development, the WHO will hold the next round of negotiations on the Illicit Trade Protocol in early 2012. The ETRC and other stakeholder organisations have consistently defended the industry against claims that duty-free is a major source of illicit trade.

Big tobacco gears up for awesome fight

Big tobacco is gearing up for the fight of its life against the federal government's plan to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes.

The industry has lodged 19 freedom of information (FOI) requests with the health department ahead of possible legal action against the reforms.

The requests seek thousands of official papers dating back to the early 1990s, including all documents created within the first Rudd/Gillard government relating to Labor's preventative health policies to reduce smoking.
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Health department secretary Jane Halton made public the scope of the industry's demands during a budget estimates hearing on Wednesday.

She was responding to a question from Australian Greens health spokesman Rachel Siewert.

"We have 20 FOIs at the moment in respect of this particular issue (tobacco)," Ms Halton said.

"Nineteen of the 20 are from tobacco companies."

The senior bureaucrat tabled the specifics of all 20 requests. She is taking further legal advice before possibly releasing the names of those behind the requests.

In April this year, Labor announced that from mid-2012 cigarettes would have to be sold in plain packets devoid of brand logos, images and colours.

Big tobacco immediately flagged possible legal action against the laws on the basis they would involve acquiring companies' intellectual property.

The government has said it expects cigarette manufacturers to use their combined resources to try to scuttle the move, which would be a world first.

The industry argues plain packages could easily be counterfeited and allow cigarettes to circulate without health warnings and ingredient reporting.

In the FOI requests, big tobacco seeks all documents created between January 2008 and mid-2010 by the National Preventative Health Taskforce relating to "anti-counterfeit measures" and "any anticipated increase in illicit trade".

Among the avalanche of requests, there is also a demand for papers relating to the 1992 legislation regarding advertising bans and the 1994 introduction of health warnings on cigarette packets.

Law snuffs out mailing smokes to deployed troops

Family and friends have suddenly found themselves blocked from shipping cigarettes and other tobacco products to American troops in Afghanistan and Iraq because of a new law meant to hamper smuggling and underage sales through the mail.

The Prevent All Cigarette Trafficking Act of 2009 quietly took effect June 29. It cut off those care packages by effectively requiring that tobacco be sent with one particular kind of U.S. Postal Service shipping that requires a signature for delivery but does not deliver to most overseas military addresses.

April Woods, the 26-year-old wife of a Fort Campbell soldier in Afghanistan, used to regularly send him packages of snacks, drink mixes, pictures and cartons of his favorite variety of Marlboros.

"I would hope that they would change it. It's just ridiculous that they take so much away from our soldiers," Woods said.

Woods said her husband, Sgt. Randall Woods, doesn't have easy access to the stores on some Afghanistan bases that sell cigarettes and he also doesn't keep a lot of cash on him while deployed.

"So the only way he has to get cigarettes is through family members," she said.

Woods said every friend of hers with a spouse who smokes is very upset over the restrictions.

The law was created to prevent minors from ordering cigarettes through the mail and to prevent trafficking by requiring tracking and confirmation that the recipient is old enough. It allows small shipments of tobacco products, but only via Express Mail because that's the only postal service product that meets the identification requirements under the law.

"The issue is that Express Mail is not available to some overseas military destinations, primarily Iraq or Afghanistan," said Beth Barnett, spokeswoman for the postal service in Tennessee.

Families don't have any other options for shipping cigarettes. The law only affects the U.S. Postal Service because UPS and FedEx do not allow consumer-to-consumer shipping of tobacco.

Lynn Becker, a spokeswoman for the bill's sponsor, Sen. Herb Kohl of Wisconsin, said in an e-mail to The Associated Press that the law did not intend to restrict mailing tobacco to soldiers.

"Sen. Kohl's counsel is working with the legal office at USPS to determine whether there is an alternative to Express Mail that could be used to reach troops overseas," Becker said. "He's also working on a legislative fix to ensure that service members overseas can receive care packages that include tobacco products."

Kohl sent a letter to the Postmaster General asking him to change the regulations, because the bill also expressly permits the shipping of tobacco from adult to adult, including to military addresses.

The military has been trying to reduce smoking among soldiers and vets, including banning indoor smoking and ending smoking on submarines by the end of the year. The Pentagon laid out a plan in 1999 to reduce smoking rates by 5 percent a year and reduce chewing tobacco use to 15 percent by 2001, but wasn't able to achieve the goals. And the Defense Department received a study last year recommending the military move toward becoming tobacco-free perhaps in about 20 years.

But the sudden shift on mailing rules has sown confusion among family and charity groups who now wonder how else to get cigarettes to troops.

Susan Baldwin, of Fairview, Tenn., is the mother of two sailors in the Navy. One of her sons is deployed and asked her to send him a certain type of coffee and his favorite brand of menthol cigarettes.

Baldwin went to the post office to ship the items, but was repeatedly told she couldn't include the cigarettes in the package.

Tracy Della Vecchia, executive director and founder of MarineParents.com, said she thinks a quick fix would be to just exempt packages to military addresses from having to ship by Express Mail because soldiers serving overseas are old enough to buy tobacco.

"It's discriminating against people who are serving in combat zones," she said.

In the past, the group has sent care packages to Marines that include smokeless tobacco or cigarettes if they request it.

"For now, I will absolutely not send any tobacco, because we are a huge organization and I don't want the much needed supplies like baby wipes and toothpaste to go unreceived," she said.

But for parents looking to make their son or daughter a little happier while in a war zone, that's not always an easy decision.

Woods said her husband and the soldiers he's serving with are doing the best they can among themselves.

"Basically everyone tries to share what they can share," she said.

Passive smoking and children

In 2003, over 11,000 people in the UK are estimated to have died as a result of
passive smoking.* Although regarded for many years as little more than a
nuisance, exposure to ambient tobacco smoke released directly by burning
tobacco and indirectly by exhalation of smoke by smokers (also variously
referred to as environmental tobacco smoke, second-hand smoke, or tobacco
smoke pollution) is now a recognised cause of significant short- and long-term
harm to others. Many of those adverse health effects were summarised,
particularly in relation to adult exposure, in an earlier Royal College of
Physicians report.†
Increasing awareness of these health risks has led the UK and several other
countries to introduce legislation restricting or prohibiting smoking in enclosed
public places. This legislation has typically been justified by the legal and moral
obligation to ensure safe working environments and, in the UK, to prevent the
600 or so deaths previously estimated to be caused each year by passive smoking
at work.* However, these are the minority of deaths caused by passive smoking,
the bulk of which (an estimated 10,700 deaths in adults in 2003)* arise from
exposure to tobacco smoke in the home.
Passive smoking in the home is also a major hazard to the health of the
millions of children in the UK who live with smokers, and the extent of this
health problem has not, to date, been accurately quantified. In this report, we
therefore use established literature and additional analysis to estimate the
prevalence, determinants and trends in passive smoking exposure, present new
systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the magnitude of the effects of passive
smoking on the main recognised health consequences in children, and estimate
the numbers of cases of illness and death arising from these effects. We also
quantify the effect of exposure to smoking behaviour on the risk of children
starting to smoke, and estimate the number of children who do take up smoking
as a consequence. We then consider the financial cost of the disease burden for
the NHS and wider society arising from all of these exposures. The report also
explores ethical issues relating to passive smoking and children, and public
opinion on measures to prevent passive smoking, concluding with policy options
that would reduce exposure of children to this significant health hazard and
negative behavioural model.
Governments, and societies, have a duty to ensure that children grow up in a
safe environment, and are protected from explicit or implicit encouragement to
take up hazardous behaviours such as smoking. This report provides some of the
background and policy measures necessary to ensure that that duty is discharged.
I am personally very grateful to John Britton and the other members of the
RCP’s Tobacco Advisory Group, and the many contributors to this report who
have continued the excellent tradition of the RCP in this important area.

Women smoking cigarettes pictures

Taiwan Children Health Study

The Taiwan Children Health Study (TCHS) has a multipurpose nationwide design, and is focused on common environmental factors such as outdoor pollutants and household ETS exposure. Communities in Taiwan were selected with the aim of maximizing the variability and minimizing the correlations of exposures to outdoor pollutants based on historic routine air monitoring data. In communities with pollution patterns of interest, neighborhoods with stable, largely middle-income populations were identified from 2004 census data.
To address community-level sources of variability, we randomly sought participating communities within existing financial constraints. School district representatives in participating communities were consulted to identify suitable schools, based on demographic stability, likely parental cooperation, and absence of local pollution sources. Our study population finally comprised middleschool children from 14 diverse communities in Taiwan. To permit cross-sectional assessment of environmental factors, we recruited 350-450 participants from each of the study communities. In each classroom targeted for participation, every student was invited to volunteer.
Classroom-level incentives were used to encourage participation. In each school, science, health, or physical education classes were targeted, excluding any special classes for gifted or learning-disabled subjects. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board at our university hospital, and it complied with the principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration [28]. Questionnaire of respiratory health A total of 5,804 seventh and eighth-grade children were recruited from public schools in 14 Taiwanese communities in 2007.
The questionnaire was distributed in all communities simultaneously; subjects were given the forms by project staff following their pulmonary function tests and asked to complete and return them the following day. Questionnaire responses by parents or guardians were used to categorize children’s asthma status, age at asthma diagnosis, wheeze, and history of bronchitic symptoms. Children were considered to have asthma if there was a positive answer to the question “Has a doctor ever diagnosed this child as having asthma?” Active asthma was defined as physician-diagnosed asthma with any asthma-related symptoms or illness in the previous 12 months. Serious asthma was defined as ever visit emergency rooms or ever hospitalized. Early-onset asthma was defined as age of onset for asthma before 5 years of age. Late-onset asthma was onset after 5 years of age. Wheeze was defined as any occurrence of the child’s chest sounding wheezy or whistling.
Current wheeze was defined as wheezing for 3 or more days out of the week for a month or longer in the previous year. Bronchitis status was positive if subjects had a physician-diagnosed episode in the prior 12 months. Chronic cough was defined as cough in the morning or at other times of the day that lasted for three months in a row or more during the prior 12 months. Chronic phlegm was defined by a “yes” answer to the question “Other than with colds, does this child usually seem congested in the chest or bring up phlegm?”

Types of Tobacco Use

Manufactured cigarettes consist of shredded or reconstituted tobacco processed with hundreds of chemicals. Often with a filter, they are manufactured by a machine, and are the predominant form of tobacco used worldwide.
Bidis consist of a small amount of tobacco, hand-wrapped in dried temburni leaf and tied with string. Despite their small size, their tar and carbon monoxide deliveries can be higher than manufactured cigarettes because of the need to puff harder to keep bidis lit.
Cigars are made of air-cured and fermented tobaccos with a tobacco wrapper, and come in many shapes and sizes, from cigarettesized cigarillos, double coronas, cheroots, stumpen, chuttas and dhumtis. In reverse chutta and dhumti smoking, the ignited end of the cigar is placed inside the mouth. There was a revival of cigar smoking at the end of the 20th century, among both men and women.
Kreteks are clove-flavoured cigarettes. They contain a wide range of exotic flavourings and eugenol, which has an anaesthetising effect, allowing for deeper smoke inhalation.
Pipes are made of briar, slate, clay or other substance – tobacco is placed in the bowl and inhaled through the stem, sometimes through water. Sticks are made from sun-cured tobacco known as brus and wrapped in cigarette paper.
Chewing tobacco is also known as plug, loose-leaf, and twist.
Pan masala, or betel quid consists of tobacco, areca nuts and staked lime wrapped in a betel leaf. They can also contain other sweetenings and flavouring agents.
Varieties of pan include kaddipudi,hogesoppu, gundi, kadapam, zarda, pattiwala, kiwam, mishri, and pills. Moist snuff is taken orally. A small amount of ground tobacco is held in the mouth between the cheek and gum. Increasingly manufacturers are pre-packaging moist snuff into small paper or cloth packets, to make the product easier to use.
Other products include khaini, shammaah and nass or naswa.
Dry snuff is powdered tobacco that is inhaled through the nose or taken by mouth. Once widespread, its use is now in decline. Cigars are smoked throughout the world. Regional variations include cheroots and stumpen (western and central Europe) and dhumtis (conical cheroots) used in India.
The water pipe, also known as shisha or hubbly bubbly, is commonly used in north Africa, the Mediterranean region and parts of Asia. Bidis are found thoughout south-east Asia, and are India’s most used type of tobacco.
Kreteks are clove flavoured cigarettes widely smoked in Indonesia. In Southeast Asia clay pipes known as suipa, chilum and hookli are widely used. Tobacco is used orally throughout the world, but principally in Southeast Asia. In Mumbai, India, 56% of women chew tobacco.
Cigarettes are available throughout the world. Filter-tipped cigarettes are usually more popular than unfiltered cigarettes. Hand rolled cigarettes are also widely smoked in many countries. Whether it is inhaled, sniffed, sucked or chewed, or whether it is mixed with other ingredients, there is no safe way of using tobacco.